Assam

The land corresponds a world of contrast and excitement, something celestial and amazing. It is a Magic Land, a Green Paradise. It combines so many and such varied passions and beauties that one has to take a pause at least for its praise.

 

For Assam is identified no better than by its Bihu songs and dances, the Kaziranga Wild Life Sanctuary where the rare one-horned rhinoceros roams at will, silks such as paat and muga which rank amongst the finest in the world, the State’s tea which finds its way to millions of homes all over the globe, and the Shrine of Kamakhya which draws thousands of devotees every year.

 

Spread beneath the foothills of the Eastern Himalayas, Assam has a history dating back to the Vedic ages. During Mahabharata age, it was known as Pragjyotish (Land of Eastern Light). In the Puranas and Tantras, Assam was referred to as Kamrupa- the land where Kamadeva, the God of Love, was reborn.

 

In ancient times Assam constituted a part of the land known successively as Pragjyotisha or Pragjyotishpura, and Kamarupa. Asom (Axom) or its anglicized version Assam is a comparatively modern name. Opinions on the root of the name vary with one view ascribing its origin to the Bodo word Ha-Cham which means "low or level country" and a second view ascribing it to the word Asama, meaning "unequalled" or "peerless", and used to denote the Ahoms, a Shan tribe which ruled the land for six centuries from the 13th Century A.D.

 

It was during the Varmana dynasty that Assam was chronicled in the SI-YUKI, the famed travelogue of Hiuen-Tsang, a Chinese pilgrim. After the 600 years’ Ahom-Kingdom, Assam became part of British India in 1826 and then a constituent state of Independent India.

 

Geographically, Assam is surrounded by Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh on the North, Nagaland and Manipur on the East, Meghalalya and Mizoram on the South and Bangladesh, Tripura and West Bengal on the West. Since independence, many changes have taken place in Assam geographically and in many other respects. At present, total land area of it is 78, 523 sq. kms. It accounts 2.4% of the total geographical area of the country. Demographically, Assam is the most populous state in the North East India. Economically, out of the eight North East States, Assam is the most developed. But compared to other states like Maharashtra, Tamilnadu, Gujarat, Assam lags far behind in almost all economic spheres.

 

 

POPULATION:

 

District-wise distribution of Geographical Area, Population, Growth rate, Density, Sex ratio and Literacy rate of Assam, (Census 2011):

Sl. No.

District

Area

(Sq. Km.)

Population

Growth Rate (%)

Sex Ratio

Literacy (%)

Density

1.

Nagaon

3973

2823768

22.00

962

72.37

711

2.

Dhubri

3973

1949258

24.44

953

58.34

896

3.

Sonitpur

5204

1924110

15.55

956

67.34

370

4.

Cachar

3786

1736617

20.19

959

79.34

459

5.

Barpeta

2282

1693622

21.43

953

63.81

742

6.

Kamrup

3105

1517542

15.69

949

75.55

489

7.

Tinsukia

3790

1327929

15.47

952

69.66

350

8.

Dibrugarh

3381

1326335

11.92

961

76.05

392

9.

Kamrup Metropolitan

955

1253938

18.34

936

88.71

1313

10.

Karimganj

1809

1228686

21.90

963

78.22

679

11.

Sivasagar

2668

1151050

9.44

954

80.41

431

12.

Jorhat

2851

1092256

9.31

962

82.15

383

13.

Golaghat

3502

1066888

12.75

964

77.43

305

14.

Lakhimpur

2277

1042137

17.22

968

77.20

458

15.

Goalpara

1824

1008183

22.64

964

67.37

553

16.

Morigkaon

1551

957423

23.34

967

68.03

617

17.

Karbi Anglong

10434

956313

17.58

951

69.25

92

18.

Baksa

2457

950075

10.74

974

69.25

387

19.

Darrang

1585

928500

22.19

954

63.08

586

20.

Kokrajhar

3296

887142

5.21

959

65.22

269

21.

Udalguri

2012

831668

9.61

973

65.41

413

22.

Nalbari

1052

771639

11.99

949

78.63

733

23.

Bongaigaon

1093

738804

20.59

966

69.74

676

24.

Dhemaji

3237

686133

19.97

953

72.70

212

25.

Hailakandi

1327

659296

21.45

951

74.33

497

26.

Chirang

1923

482162

11.34

969

63.55

251

27.

Dima Hasao

4888

214102

13.84

932

77.54

44

 

Assam

78438

31205576

17.07

958

72.19

398

Source: census 2011.co.in

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ECONOMY:

 

Gross State Domestic Product:

(As on 15.08.2023)

Year

Current Price (Rs. in Crore)

Constant (2011-12) Price  (Rs. in Crore)

2011-12

143175

143175

2012-13

156864

147342

2013-14

177745

154525

2014-15

195723

165212

2015-16

227959

191109

2016-17

254382

202081

2017-18

283165

219919

2018-19

309336

231040

2019-20

346851

240707

2020-21353605242946
2021-22412612262523
2022-23493167289192

Source: Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (mospi).

 

Net State Domestic Product: 

(As on 15.08.2023)

Year

Current Price (Rs. in Crore)

Constant (2011-12) Price  (Rs. in Crore)

2011-12

129354

129354

2012-13

142039

132518

2013-14

160442

138725

2014-15

172849

146425

2015-16

201309

167629

2016-17

222397

179632

2017-18

253726

195262

2018-19

276625204627

2019-20

311031212315
2020-21315663213871
2021-22363161231816
2022-23427147251688

Source: Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (mospi).

 

Per Capita Net State Domestic Product:

(As on 15.08.2023)

Year

Current Price (Rs. in Crore)

Constant (2011-12) Price  (Rs. in Crore)

2011-12

41142

41142

2012-13

44599

41609

2013-14

49734

43002

2014-15

52895

44809

2015-16

60817

50642

2016-17

66330

53575

2017-18

75151

57835

2018-19

8103459943

2019-20

9012361519
2020-219048261304
2021-2210296565726
2022-2311850469826

Source: Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (mospi).

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AGRICULTURE:

 

Area, Production and Yield under Food and Non-Food Crops in Assam, 2019-20:

(Area in '000 Hect., Production in '000 Tonnes and Yield in Kg./Hect.)

Name of Crops

2019-2020

Area

Production

Yield

Cereals

2343.705130.332189

Pulses

143.96

106.07

737

Total Food Grains

2487.665236.402105

Oil Seeds

310.82192.41619

Source: Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Govt. of India

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HORTICULTURE:

 

Year wise Area, Production & Productivity of Horticultural Crops, 2014-15 to 2018-19:

Year

Fruits

Spices

Vegetables

Area (lakh hectares)

Production (lakh MT

Productivity (Kg./hect.)

Area (lakh hectares)

Production (lakh MT

Productivity (Kg./hect.)

Area (lakh hectares)

Production (lakh MT

Productivity (Kg./hect.)

2014-20151.4420.12138691.082.9727493.91134.7825455
2015-20161.4420.56-1.093.58-2.80516.32-
2016-20171.4120.06141441.113.7733802.80519.2318485
2017-20181.4621.04143901.123.8934582.8754.2418914
2018-20191.1621.47147291.113.9635752.8853.6718626

Total may not be equal due to rounding off to nearest zero

Source: Economic Survey, Assam,  2017-18 and 2019-20

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SERICULTURE:

 

Sericulture Activities in Assam, 2016-17 to 2021-22:

Sl. No.

Item

Unit

2016-2017

2017-2018

2018-2019

2019-202020-212021-22

1.

Sericulture Villages

Numbers

9935

8726

8828

864286408627

2.

Families Engaged in Sericulture

2.1

Eri

Numbers

271318

249295

240939

249615294419239810

2.2

Muga

20541

27690

30164

307102923131653

2.3

Mulberry

27546

29059

29905

29205820728473

3.

Area under food plants (Govt. + Private)

3.1

Eri

Hectare

7176.13

5936

42471.01

30319.46233433.73429096.294

3.2

Muga

5931.58

4368.78

10389.88

10762.4911861.2812557.775

3.3

Mulberry

2875.35

1279.97

2591.05

2526.342569.912624.420

4.

Production of Cocoons

4.1

Eri cut Cocoons

MT

4350.58

6300.00

5632.89

6311.006573.676769.960

4.2

Muga Cocoons

Lakh Nos.

6480.00

7865.50

6494.25

9865.669497.9110677.710

4.3

Mulberry Reeling Cocoons

MT

439.05

575.89

611.82

584.89234.84217.520

5.

Production of Silk Yarn

5.1

Eri Raw Silk

MT

3468.25

4650.00

3421.70

5048.805275.7385420.000

5.2

Muga Raw Silk

129.60

156.96

157.00

197.29240.46210.495

5.3

Mulberry Raw Silk

49.64

59.50

61.00

68.7033.404924.595

Source: Statistical Handbook Assam 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022

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LIVESTOCK AND VETERINARY:

 

Livestock and Poultry Population as per Livestock Census 2012 and 2019:

Sl. No.

Livestock Spices

2012

2019

Growth Rate  (%)

1.

Total Cattle

10307604

10909239

5.84

a) Crossbreed Cattle

395902

768949

94.23

b) Indigenous

9911702

10140290

2.31

2.

Buffalo

435265

421715

-3.11

3.

Sheep

518067

332100

-35.90

4.

Goat

6169193

4315173

-30.05

5.

Horse and Ponies

14153

12783

-9.68

6.

Pigs

1636022

2099000

28.30

7.

Dogs

527521

487182

-7.65

8

Donkeys

1049

900

-14.20

9.

Rabbit

6170

30337

391.69

10.

Fowls

18718209

33765643

80.39

11.

Ducks

7300402

12047743

65.03

Source: Livestock Census 2012 and 2019

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FISHERY:

 

Statistics of Fisheries in Assam, 2017-18 to 2021-22:

Sl. No.

Particulars

2017-2018

2018-2019

2019-2020

2020-2021

2021-2022

1.

No. of Registered Bill Fisheries

1197

1907

1903

1904

2072

2.

Area under Registered Bill Fisheries (Hect.)

100815

63019.8

61763

69719.23

71843.50

3.

Ponds and Tanks (Nos.)

416240

455118

475404

501800

547237

4.

Area under Ponds and Tanks (Hect.)

73065

75183.90

81346.00

85067.51

92386.22

5.

Area under River Fisheries (Hect.)

167095

4820

164481.65

241536.74

11060.60

6.

Area under Forest Fisheries (Hect.)

4835

4784.8

4782

5001.80

6990.90

7.

Area under Derelict Water Bodies/Swamps (Hect.)

86204

94044.65

91909

83639.25

83555.26

8.

Reservoir Fisheries (Hect.)

1713

996

1813

1863

3096

9.

Nos. of Hatcheries (Govt + Private)

521

538

521

521

564

10.

Production of Fish Seeds (Million Nos.)

8000.13

9893.37

95187.99

9886.50

18218.70

11.

Production of Fish (Tonne)

327262

331099.34

373154.45

392913.39

416915

Source: Statistical Handbook Assam 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022

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FORESTRY:

 

Statistics of Forest in Assam, 2017-18 and 2018-19:

Sl. No.

Particulars

Unit

2017-2018

2018-2019

1

Reserved Forest Area

In Hect.

1351669.01

1359026.7

2

Encroached Area

In Hect.

372992.15

364145.02

3

Nos. of Encroachers

Household

194335

205209

4

National Park

In Nos.

5

5

5

Wildlife Sanctuaries

In Nos.

18

18

6

Proposed Wildlife Sanctuaries

In Nos.

2

-

7

Forest Road (Surfaced)

In Km

1180.22

644.969

8

Forest Road (Motorable)

In Km

9946.08

2567.193

9

Forest Road (Non-Motorable)

In Km

8194.38

2752.731

10

Forest Revenue

In Lakh

211.69

16535.86

Source: Statistical Handbook Assam 2018 and 2019

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MINERAL

 

Mineral Production in Assam, 2015-16 to 2019-20:

Year

Coal

('000 MT)

Crude Oil

('000 MT)

Natural Gas

Utilised (MCM)

Limestone

('000 MT)

Sulphur

('000 MT)

2015-2016397451329034424322
2016-20176004202290715976571
2017-20187824345303414328339
2018-20197834222308316516956
2019-20205964093293115525955

Statistical Handbook Assam 2020

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EDUCATION:

 

Educational Institutions in Assam, 2017-18 and 2018-19:

Sl. No.

Particulars

2017-2018

2018-2019

1.

Higher Education

No. of University (Including Private and Deemed University)

14

17

2.

College for general Education

(a) Arts, Science and Commerce College

 

       (i)   Govt. College

5

4

       (ii)  Provincialised College

300

297

       (iii) Non-Govt. College

43

100

(b) Junior College

65

65

3.

College for Professional Education

(a) Agriculture & Forestry

2

7

(b) Veterinary

2

4

(c) Law College (Govt.+Non Govt,)

20

26

4.

Secondary and Elementary Education

School for General Education

 

(a) Higher Secondary School

4378

833

(b) High School

3380

4309

(c) Upper Primary School

6449

5732

(d) Primary School

39304

36262

(e) Sanskrit and Pali Tools (Provincialised)

95

97

(g) Pre-Sr. Madrassa

 

250

(h) Sr. Madrassa/ Arabic College/ Title Madrassa

138

152

5.

Teachers Training Institution

(a) College of Teacher Education (C.T.E.)

 

8

(b) District Institute of Education and Training

 

27

(c) Basic Trainning Centre (B.T.C.)

 

18

(d) Normal School (N.S.)

 

7

(e) Pre Primary Teacher Training Centre (PPTTC)

 

1

Source: Statistical Handbook Assam 2018 and 2019

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INDUSTRY:

 

Industrial particulars of Assam, 2017-18 and 2018-19:

Sl. No.

Particulars

Unit

2017-2018

2018-2019

1.

No. of Factories

 

3890

(as per ASI 2015-16 results)

4538

(as per ASI 2015-16 results)

2.

Working Capital

Rs. in lakh

722520

(as per ASI 2015-16 results)

906161

(as per ASI 2015-16 results)

3.

Net Income

Rs. in lakh

919513

(as per ASI 2015-16 results)

1299749

(as per ASI 2015-16 results)

4.

Total Persons engaged (Employees, Worker etc.)

Numbers

208520

 (as per ASI 2015-16 results)

217155

(as per ASI 2018-19 results)

5.

Production of:

(a)

Fertilizer (P)

000 tonne

299

277

(b)

Jute

000 tonne

23

31

(c)

Petroleum Crude

000 tonne

4345

4

(d)

Coal

000 tonne

782

8

(e)

Cement

000 tonne

639

640

6.

Index No. of Industrial Production

Base 2011-12=100

109.25

111.24 (in 2018-19)

7.

Registered MSME units

Numbers

1539

1123

8.

Workers in MSME units

Numbers

14442

8543

9.

Area under Industrial Estate

Sq. Meters

1270813.64

2249565.40

10.

Unit functioning

Numbers

259

299 (in 2018-19)

11.

Area under Industrial Area

Sq. Meters

2598246.44

2249565.40

12.

Unit functioning

Numbers

229

229

13.

Registered Factories (As per NIC, 2008)

Numbers

6929 (in 2017)

6945 (in 2018)

14.

Workers in the Factories

Numbers

269276 (in 2017)

 279246 (in 2018)

Source: Statistical Handbook Assam 2018 and 2019

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HANDLOOM:

 

Statistics of Handloom & Textile in Assam, 2019-20:

Handloom Training Centre (HTC)

No. of Trainee in HTC

No. of Weaver's Extension Service Unit

Weaver's Extension Service Production

(in Metre)

No. of Handloom Production Centre Centre

Handloom Production

(in Metre)

102

156598162242.232017026.09

Source: Statistical Hand Book Assam 2020

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ROADWAYS:

 

Roadways in Assam, 2017-18 and 2018-19:

Sl. No.

Particulars

Unit

2017-2018

2018-2019

1.

PWD Road Length (Total)

In Km

42080

53963

2.

Surfaced (Black topped)

In Km

28480

30048

3.

Cement Concrete

In Km

200

411

4.

National Highway (N.H.)

In Km

3900

3889.686

5.

Total Road Length including N.H.

In Km

52890

57848

6.

Road Length per lakh of population

In Km

169.49

185.38

7.

Road length per '00 sq. km. of geographical Area

In Km

67.43

73.75

8.

State Highways

In Km

 

2530

9.

Major District Roads

In Km

 

4379

Source: Statistical Handbook Assam 2018 and 2019

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ROAD TRANSPORT:

 

Statistics on Assam State Transport Corporation, 2017-18 to 2019-20:

Particulars

Unit

2017-20182018-20192019-2020

Average No. of Vehicles Held

No

865953929

Average No. of Vehicles on Road

No

634639705

Fleet Utilisation

Percent

73.2967.0575.89

Total Effective K.M. Operated during the year

Lakh K.M

291.41245.83234.23

Average Gross Earnings per Month

Rs. in Lakhs

644.59643.58696.24

Average Net Earnings per Month

Rs. in Lakhs

187.31218.50286.03

Earning per K.M.

Rs.

26.1431.4235.67

Cost per Kilometre (Other than Pay & Allowance Depreciation & Interest)

Rs.

18.8320.7519.73

Load factor i.e. Occupancy Ratio

Percent

77.5187.0885.49

Kilometre per Litre (KPL)

KM/Ltr.

3.703.793.97

Total No. of Regular Staff (Including Officer as on 31st March)

No.

148013491199
Contractual Employees (as on 31st March)Nos177320402307

Staff Bus Ratio

-

05:0105:0105:01

Average Monthly Gross Salary

Rs. in Lakhs

634.71598.30789.93

Average No. of Private Buses Operated under ASTC

No

127213571339

Monthly Average earning from Private Buses

Rs. in Lakhs

66.4080.1790.65

No. of Stations and Sub-Stations

Nos.

133133133
No. of Electric BusNos.NilNil15

Source: Statistical Handbook Assam 2019 and 2020

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TOURISM

 

Year wise Tourists Inflow in Assam and Revenue Earned from the Tourists, 2009-10 to 2021-22:

Year

Indian

Foreigner

Total Revenue earned from Tourist lodges only

2009-2010

3895525

14699

131.63 (in lakh)

2010-2011

4127447

15633

143.60 (in lakh)

2011-2012

4408333

16660

184.49 (in lakh)

2012-2013

4544666

17708

248.19 (in lakh)

2013-2014

4444393

19086

191.32 (in lakh)

2014-2015

4863826

20005

211.77 (in lakh)

2015-2016

5642950

26320

1057.24 (in lakh)

2016-2017

4863826

7209

252.39 (in lakh)

2017-2018

59343391

31739

2430267 (in Rs.)

2018-2019

6027002

41209

3030894 (in Rs.)

2019-202051463071859410034684 (in Rs.)
2020-2021135169034611746715 (in Rs.)
2021-20221702932123118130988 (in Rs.)

Source: Statistical Handbook Assam 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022

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POWER:

 

Power in Assam, 2016-17 to 2019-20:

Sl. No.

Particulars

Unit

2016-2017

2017-2018

2018-2019

2019-20

1.

Installed Capacity of Generating Plant

In MW

379.7

379.7

376.96

376.155

2.

Gross Unit Generation

In MU

1650.6

1489.85

1594.46

1545.980

3.

Energy Requirement

In MU

8240

9364.54

10058

9413

4.

Peak Demand

In MW

1679

1763

1894

1956

5.

Peak Demand Met

In MW

1634

1684

1810

1956

6.

Shortage (%)

In % age

3

5

4

0

7.

Total Consumers

In Number

3932745

4186763

5314181

5783846

8.

Domestic Consumers

In Number

3690714

3930759

5041035

5501547

9.

Commercial Consumers

In Number

242031

256004

273146

282299

Source: Statistical Handbook Assam 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020

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BANKING:

 

Bank-wise and Population Group-wise Number of Functioning Offices of Commercial Banks as at end of the Quarter:

Bank 

March 2021

Rural

Semi-urban

Urban

Total

STATE BANK OF INDIA

192

127

136

455

BANK OF BARODA

12

20

36

68

BANK OF INDIA

11

18

23

52

BANK OF MAHARASHTRA

 

4

6

10

CANARA BANK

28

48

42

118

CENTRAL BANK OF INDIA

59

33

33

125

INDIAN BANK

50

37

32

119

INDIAN OVERSEAS BANK

7

12

12

31

PUNJAB AND SIND BANK

2

2

11

15

PUNJAB NATIONAL BANK

180

96

99

375

UCO BANK

70

47

29

146

UNION BANK OF INDIA

24

34

39

97

STANDARD CHARTERED BANK

 

 

1

1

ASSAM GRAMIN VIKASH BANK

372

79

31

482

AXIS BANK LIMITED

11

40

39

90

BANDHAN BANK LIMITED

301

101

38

440

FEDERAL BANK LTD

 

2

11

13

HDFC BANK LTD.

12

39

34

85

ICICI BANK LIMITED

6

33

34

73

IDBI BANK LIMITED

3

16

16

35

IDFC FIRST BANK LIMITED

 

 

2

2

INDUSIND BANK LTD

3

14

18

35

KARNATAKA BANK LTD

 

 

2

2

KOTAK MAHINDRA BANK LTD.

 

1

4

5

SOUTH INDIAN BANK LTD

 

 

2

2

YES BANK LTD.

 

2

8

10

CAPITAL SMALL FINANCE BANK LIMITED

0

0

0

0

ESAF SMALL FINANCE BANK LIMITED

 

 

1

1

JANA SMALL FINANCE BANK LIMITED

 

4

5

9

NORTH EAST SMALL FINANCE BANK LIMITED

94

59

15

168

UJJIVAN SMALL FINANCE BANK LIMITED

3

7

9

19

UTKARSH SMALL FINANCE BANK LIMITED

 

 

1

1

AIRTEL PAYMENTS BANK LIMITED

 

 

1

1

INDIA POST PAYMENTS BANK LIMITED

 

20

6

26

Assam

1440

895

776

3111

Source: Reserve Bank of India

TOP▲

 

 

HEALTH:

 

Health Infrastructure Facility in Assam, 2019-20:

(As on December 23, 2020)

Type of Facility

Total Facility

Active Facility

Total

Public

Private

Urban

Rural

Total

Public

Private

Urban

Rural

SC

5847

5609

238

62

5785

4958

4933

25

46

4912

PHC

1670

1226

444

64

1606

1440

1046

394

60

1380

CHC

333

210

123

74

259

318

198

120

71

247

SDH

22

16

6

6

16

19

14

5

5

14

DH

37

37

0

0

37

33

33

0

0

33

Total

7909

7098

811

206

7703

6768

6224

544

182

6586

SC= Sub Center;    PHC= Primary Health Center;    CHC= Community Health Center;    SDH= Sub District Hospital;    DH= District Hospital

Source: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt of India