Water is a chemical compound. It is a basic necessity of life. One of the essential services rendered by any state is ‘safe drinking water supply’. Safe drinking water supply and basic sanitation are vital human needs for health and efficiency. Every year, diseases and death, particularly of children and drudgery of women are directly attributable to lack of these essentials. Considering these needs, the National Water Policy gave highest priority to water and sanitation especially in rural areas as the urban areas is provided with piped water supply.
Rural Water Supply:
Rural Water Supply facilities are provided to the people in rural areas under centrally sponsored Minimum Need Programme (MNP) and Accelerated Rural Water Supply Programme (ARWSP). Under the National Rural Drinking Programme (NRDWP) a Flagship programme of the Government of India, it is expected to provide drinking water supply (@ 40 Ipcd) to all census habitation of the State by 2022. By 1st April, 2015, out of 2,870 habitation, 2,134 habitations have been Fully Covered, 618 Partially Covered and 118 have not been Covered. The target for 2015-16 was to fully cover 200 habitations but due to limited budget, the target was reduced to 52 habitations.
Percentage of habitation covered under Rural water Supply in Manipur, 2015-16:
District | No. of Habitation | Percentage covered against target | |
Target | Covered | ||
Senapati | 10 | 21 | 210 |
Tamenglong | 5 | 3 | 60 |
Churachandpur | 7 | 18 | 257.14 |
Chadel | 4 | 3 | 75 |
Ukhrul | 6 | 9 | 150 |
Imphal East | 6 | 2 | 33.33 |
Imphal West | 7 | 5 | 71.42 |
Bishnupur | 3 | 4 | 133.33 |
Thoubal | 4 | 1 | 25 |
Total | 52 | 66 | 126.92 |
Source: Economic Survey Manipur 2016-17
Urban Water Supply:
Urban Water Supply facilities are provided to the people in urban areas under two divisions viz. Imphal Water Supply and other Accelerated Urban Water Supply Programme (AUWSP). There are 33 towns in the state with a population of 5.76 lakhs as per 2011 census. Water Supply facilities presently extended to some of the towns are at rural standard. In the urban areas, drinking water supply facilities are provided through piped water supply systems.
Imphal Water Supply:
The main achievement during the 10th Plan was the completion of Replacement of pipeline from Leimakhong to Kangchup and Kangchup to Iroisemba and construction of 6.81 MLD capacity water Treatment Plan at Irilbung (95% completed), the same at Canchipur 6.81 MLD capacity (85% completed), Ground Water Supply at Potsangbam & Sekmai PH-II, 6.81 MLD (90% completed) under Augmentation of Water Supply for Imphal City PH-I (29.50MLD) (NLPR). Commissioned one RCC Overhead Tank Service Reservoir near Assembly Complex and replacement of old pipes and extension of clear water main pipes was also done.
In 2016, the water demand was calculated to be 118.689 MLD and requirement by the year 2031 will be 152.142 MLD.
Installed Capacity and Production of the Water Treatment Plant in Imphal, Manipur as on 1st Jan 2016:
Sl. No. | Name of Water Treatment Plant (WTP) | Installed capacity (MLD) | Present production (MLD) |
1 | Kangchup | 14.53 | 10.24 |
2 | Kangchup Extension | 9.08 | 6.81 |
3 | Singda | 18.16 | 18.16 |
4 | Minuthong | 1.14 | 0.57 |
5 | Chinga | 1.14 | 0.70 |
6 | Canchipur | 2.27 | 0.00 |
7 | Canchipur-I | 4.54 | 3.10 |
8 | Porompat | 2.27 | 1.10 |
9 | Porompat-I | 6.81 | 4.77 |
10 | Porompat-II | 6.81 | 4.77 |
11 | Koirengei | 2.27 | 0.91 |
12 | Ningthempukhri | 4.45 | 2.27 |
13 | Khuman Lampak | 0.45 | 0.45 |
14 | Potsangbam | 6.81 | 2.27 |
15 | Irilbung | 6.81 | 6.81 |
16 | Old Thumbuthong | 2.00 | 2.00 |
17 | Canchipur-II | 6.81 | 6.81 |
18 | Potsangbam-II | 6.81 | 6.81 |
19 | Moirangkhom | 1.00 | 2.00 |
Total | 104.25 | 80.00 | |
Source: Economic Survey Manipur 2016-17
Other Towns (Water Supply):
The water demand for all other towns was estimated at 30.10 MLD in 2008 AD. The anticipated water demand will be around 31.60 MLD by 2011 AD. All these towns have been extended with water supply facility at the rural standard (i.e. at the rate of 40 litres per capita per day). Upgradation of water supply schemes of other towns at the urban standard of supply i.e. 70 lpcd (litres per capita per day) are taken up in phases since the 9th Five Year Plan Period (1997-2002). Upto the 10th Plan augmentation of schemes for 18 towns were achieved to cover under Accelerated Urban Water Supply Programme (AUWSP). So far augmentation works to 14 towns have been completed by the end of 2008-09 and 4 town during 2009-10.
In addition 6 (six) other towns are also to be further augmented under urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small and Medium Town (UISSMT) are taken up during 2009-10 with a service level of 135 lpcd as against the existing urban standard of 70 lpcd.
Out of the 35 towns provided with Water supply at 40 Ipcd (rural standard), 28 towns have been upgraded to 70 Ipcd (urban standard) in phases since the 8th Five Year Plan. By the end of the 11th Plan, augmentation works to the 21 towns viz., Moreh, Jiribam, Heirok, Lilong, Yairipok, Wangoi, Moirang, Nambol, Ningthoukhong, Bishnupur, Sugnu, Lilong Arapti, Thoubal, Kakching, Oinam, Mayang Imphal, Samurou, Thongkhong Laxmi Bazar, Kumbi, Lamlai, and Sekmai, were completed.
Source: Economic Survey Manipur 2016-17